Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-73090-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Experimental setup. Alb-creERT2; Glut9 lox/lox mice and Glut9 lox/lox control mice were injected intraperitoneally with tamoxifen. Both groups were fed a chow diet with inosine for 24 days. On day 21 and 24, kidney function was assessed. On day 23, mice were randomized and received either an injection of LPS or PBS into the peritoneal cavity, and were sacrificed 24 h later. Created in BioRender. Steiger, S. (2026). https://BioRender.com/ve4403h . Serum uric acid (UA) ( b ) and plasma creatinine ( c ) levels of Glut9 lox/lox mice (healthy) and Alb-creERT2; Glut9 lox/lox mice (hyperuricemia, HU) with inosine-rich diet after LPS or PBS injection on day 23 ( n = 10) and 24 ( n = 5). b , c One technical replicate of 5–10 biological replicates for each group). Concentrations of IL-6 measured in plasma ( d ) and peritoneum ( h ) from healthy and HU mice after LPS or PBS injection via ELISA on day 24 ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). ( e to g and i ) Gating strategy ( e ) and number (#) of neutrophils in blood ( f ), peritoneum ( g ) and spleen ( i ) per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). j Mice were grouped into healthy and HU group. On day 23, mice randomized and underwent either cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery, and were sacrificed 24 h later. Created in BioRender. Steiger, S. (2026). https://BioRender.com/zv3eatr . Serum UA ( k ) and plasma creatinine ( l ) levels from healthy and HU mice after CLP or sham surgery on day 24 ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). Images of bacterial culture ( m ) and percentage (%) of colony area ( n ) of peritoneal wash from healthy and HU mice after CLP or Sham surgery for 12 h on LB agar plates ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). Concentrations of IL-6 measured in plasma ( o ) and peritoneum ( q ) via ELISA ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). Number (#) of neutrophils in blood ( p ), peritoneum ( r ) and spleen ( s ) per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). t Immunostaining performed on kidney sections for αSMA/fibrin displaying partial or complete arterial occlusions. 40x magnification, scale bar 20 µm. Data are mean ± SD. P values are determined by one-way ANOVA. n.s., not significant. Source data for b – d , f – I , k , l , and n – s are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Concentrations of mouse IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma and peritoneal wash extracts were measured using the mouse enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) kits for IL-6 (Ray Biotech, Norcross, USA) and for IL-1β (Invitrogen, USA) according to manufacturers’ protocols.

Techniques: Control, Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Ligation, Immunostaining

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-73090-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alb-creERT2; Glut9 lox/lox mice and Glut9 lox/lox control mice were injected intraperitoneally with tamoxifen. Both groups were fed either an acidogenic or chow diet enriched with inosine for 24 days. On day 21 and 24, kidney function was assessed. On day 23, mice were randomized and received either an injection of LPS or PBS into the peritoneal cavity, and were sacrificed 24 h later. Serum UA ( a ) and plasma creatinine ( b ) levels of Glut9 lox/lox mice with chow diet plus inosine (healthy) and Alb-creERT2; Glut9 lox/lox mice with acidogenic diet plus inosine (hyperuricemia with chronic kidney disease, HU + CKD) after LPS or PBS injection on day 23 ( n = 10) and 24 ( n = 5). ( a , b One technical replicate of 5–10 biological replicates for each group). c Concentration of IL-6 measured in plasma via ELISA on day 24 ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). d Number (#) of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) in blood per mL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). e The expression (MFI) of CD62L and CXCR4 in blood neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) was assessed by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). f The expression (MFI) of CXCR2 in neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) was assessed in the blood by flow cytometry ( n = 2–3, one technical replicate of 2–3 biological replicates for each group). g Concentrations of IL-6 measured in peritoneum via ELISA ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). h Neutrophil gating strategy and number (#) of neutrophils in peritoneum per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). i Mice were assigned to healthy and HU + CKD groups, and urate-lowering theray (ULT) with febuxostat was initiated on day 14. On day 23, mice received either an injection of LPS or PBS, and were sacrificed 24 h later. Created in BioRender. Steiger, S. (2026). https://BioRender.com/diah1lh . Serum UA ( j ) and plasma creatinine ( k ) levels from HU + CKD mice with or without febuxostat after LPS or PBS injection on day 24 ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). l Concentration of IL-6 measured in plasma via ELISA ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). m Number (#) of neutrophils in blood per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). The expression levels of CD62L and CXCR4 ( n ) and CXCR2 ( o ) in neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) were assessed in the blood by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6 mice, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). p Concentrations of IL-6 measured in peritoneum via ELISA ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). Number (#) of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) in peritoneum ( q ) and spleen ( s ) per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). r Number (#) of neutrophils in spleen per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 4–6, one technical replicate of 4–6 biological replicates for each group). Data are mean ± SD. P values are determined by one-way ANOVA. n.s., not significant. Source data for a – h and j – s are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Concentrations of mouse IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma and peritoneal wash extracts were measured using the mouse enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) kits for IL-6 (Ray Biotech, Norcross, USA) and for IL-1β (Invitrogen, USA) according to manufacturers’ protocols.

Techniques: Control, Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-73090-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alb-creERT2; Glut9 lox/lox mice and Glut9 lox/lox control mice were injected intraperitoneally with tamoxifen. Both groups were fed either an acidogenic or chow diet enriched with inosine for 24 days. On day 21 and 24, kidney function was assessed. On day 23, mice were randomized and underwent either CLP or sham surgery, and were sacrificed 24 h later. Serum UA ( a ) and plasma creatinine ( b ) levels of healthy and hyperuricemic CKD (HU + CKD) mice after CLP or sham surgery on day 23 ( n = 10) and 24 ( n = 5). ( a , b one technical replicate of 5–10 biological replicates for each group). c Concentrations of IL-6 measured via ELISA on day 24 ( n = 5–6, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). d Number (#) of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) in blood per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 5–6, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). The expression (MFI) of CD62L and CXCR4 ( e ), and CXCR2 ( f ) in neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) was assessed in the blood by flow cytometry ( n = 2–3, one technical replicate of 2–3 biological replicates for each group). Bacterial culture of peritoneal wash ( g ) and quantification of colony area ( h ) from healthy and HU + CKD mice after CLP or sham surgery for 12 h on LB agar plates ( n = 5–6, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). i Concentration of IL-6 measured in peritoneum via ELISA ( n = 5–6, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). j Gating strategy and number (#) of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) in peritoneum per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 5–6, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). k Number (#) of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) in spleen per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 5–6, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). l Concentration of MPO measured in peritoneum via ELISA ( n = 5–6, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). m Immunostaining performed on kidneys sections for αSMA/fibrin displaying partial or complete arterial occlusions. 40× magnification, scale bar 20 µm. Data are mean ± SD. P values are determined by one-way ANOVA. n.s., not significant. Source data for a – f and h – l are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Concentrations of mouse IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma and peritoneal wash extracts were measured using the mouse enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) kits for IL-6 (Ray Biotech, Norcross, USA) and for IL-1β (Invitrogen, USA) according to manufacturers’ protocols.

Techniques: Control, Injection, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Immunostaining

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-73090-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Mice were assigned to HU + CKD groups as previously described, and ULT with febuxostat was initiated on day 14 in these groups to lower serum UA levels. On day 23, mice underwent either CLP or sham surgery and were sacrificed 24 h later. Created in BioRender. Steiger, S. (2026). https://BioRender.com/4rkpxy6 . Serum UA ( b ) and plasma creatinine ( c ) levels of hyperuricemic CKD (HU + CKD) mice with or without febuxostat after CLP or sham surgery on day 24 ( n = 5). ( b , c one technical replicate of 5 biological replicates for each group). d Concentrations of IL-6 measured in plasma via ELISA on day 24 ( n = 5, one technical replicate of 5 biological replicates for each group). e Number (#) of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) in blood per mL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 5, one technical replicate of 5 biological replicates for each group). The expression (MF) of CD62L and CXCR4 ( f ), as well as of CXCR2 ( g ) in neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) was assessed by flow cytometry. ( f , g n = 2–5, one technical replicate of 2–5 biological replicates for each group). Bacterial culture of peritoneal wash ( h ) and quantification of colony area ( i ) after CLP or sham surgery for 12 h on LB agar plates. ( i , n = 5, one technical replicate of 5 biological replicates for each group). j Concentration of IL-6 measured in peritoneum via ELISA ( n = 5, one technical replicate of 5 biological replicates for each group). k Number (#) of neutrophils (CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + Ly6C-) in peritoneum per µL determined by flow cytometry ( n = 5, one technical replicate of 5–6 biological replicates for each group). l Concentration of MPO measured in peritoneum via ELISA ( n = 5, one technical replicate of 5 biological replicates for each group). m Immunostaining performed on kidneys for αSMA/fibrin displaying partial or complete arterial occlusions. 40× magnification, scale bar 20 µm. Data are mean ± SD. P values are determined by one-way ANOVA. n.s., not significant. Source data for b – g and i – l are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Concentrations of mouse IL-6 and IL-1β in plasma and peritoneal wash extracts were measured using the mouse enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) kits for IL-6 (Ray Biotech, Norcross, USA) and for IL-1β (Invitrogen, USA) according to manufacturers’ protocols.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Concentration Assay, Immunostaining